National School for the Blind, Blind School for the Deaf, "Physical and chemical disciplines" joint research activities communication materials: 

Physics is the study of the structure, material interactions and movement of materials science, is a combination of experiments and practice most closely disciplines, physics, physical definition of many of the formula are in the experiment was out, so physics class teaching is inseparable from the experiment, the main task is to train students to physics experiment seriously consider the ability to observe and practice good at innovation, and observation is an important perception activities, blind students because of visual defects, they can not be used as a normal student as eye careful observation, which gives them great difficulty learning physics. Psychologists believe that when a person's organs and tissue damage and dysfunction, the variety of ways you can replace and improve the function of damaged organs and tissues, such as when the visually impaired, you can through the hearing, tactile functional training partial substitution and compensation. Blind students because of visual impairment, so that in everyday life and learning have to rely more on auditory, tactile, making it auditory, tactile and more developed. Therefore blind students of auditory, tactile capacity than Cape school students better, they calm, less interference, memory strong. Therefore, to carry out the teaching blind students in physics class, and can not be copied as Cape school teaching methods should be based on the cognitive characteristics of blind students, weaknesses, and fully tap the potential of blind students, defect compensation teaching in physics teaching, so that the blind Poor school students and students, by exploring the physical phenomena, revealing the laws of physics, and applied to real life, the formation of good habits of mind and preliminary scientific practical ability. Over the years, I have been teaching how to carry out exploration in the blind students in physics class. Below are a few of my opinions. 

1, having a good introduction lesson, stimulate curiosity blind students 

For blind students understanding of physical discipline, and its interest, the first introduction of teaching is essential, if boring to instill introduction bound unattractive, it is not up to mobilize the enthusiasm of students, this section teaching classes to focus on two points, one junior high school students to understand the physics of the object, you can, for example to enable students to understand the physics guide is an interesting and useful disciplines, with our production and life are closely related. How guidance? Teachers should pay attention to before class collection of production, and be familiar with some of the physical phenomenon of student life in the classroom appropriate to create suspense, ask questions. Why such as farmers can use the water pump on a hillside lead? Navy submarine using a periscope to observe the situation in the sea? Beverage bottles metal caps Why is it difficult to open? Living in your mouth blow opponents Why hand feel cool, but felt opponent Kazakh gas hot? Why toy car fitted with batteries will advance the anti put the battery back and so will the battery box car, when classmates when positive thinking and eager to answer these questions, tell them all about the mechanical, electrical, optical, thermal aspects problem by junior high school physics lesson, will be able to clarify these issues. The second is to stimulate students' interest in learning physics, for students just getting started with physics, it is essential to cultivate their interest in learning can be achieved through the presentation of several experiments. Teachers prepare lessons before several interesting little physics experiments, presentations to students, and students can also be carried out jointly, such as: blow between two sheets of paper, the two parallel vertical blind paper to take in the chest, so that two pieces of paper between 1-2 cm apart, asked the students what happens when the paper blowing between the two, the students could answer, the two sides of the paper will be to separate the teacher demonstration, the students found the paper not only failed to separate the two, but suck together , (poor vision students can make their own presentations to feel) the students observed this phenomenon, will immediately focus together. Another example: drag horizontally placed keys blind paper, put a piece of paper on the desk blind, blind to a key on the paper, slowly drag the horizontal blind paper, students observed a key paper together with the blind was dragged movement, asked the students if the level quickly drag blind paper, what happens then? after the teacher demonstration, the students surprised to find that the key did not follow the blind paper exercise, but remained in its original position, and then the teacher let students have to try this little experiment so that students have a strong interest, many students do will be repeated several times because of curiosity. Thereby further enhancing students' interest in studying physics, stimulate their desire to learn physics. Practice has proved that many blind students from this subject is curious, love and intentions to learn this course. 

2, create a vivid scene of teaching, improve teaching physics fun 

1) interesting language teachers 

Blind classes amounted to 12-14 people, due to the small number of students, teachers lecture likely to cause lack of pan passion and fun, Blind students due to defects of vision, which is particularly sensitive to language, so teaching language teachers have appeal a very important role, the Soviet educator Las Love said: "The most important educator, is the first assistant to be humorous." Blind doing physics teacher, fun teaching language teacher is a teacher basic skills, and teacher of language norms, rigorous, scientific equally important, the language and the language of humor in the classroom boring effect created is very different, the former is a hypnotic agent, the latter is a stimulant. Teaching language humor, explain vivid, passionate, deeply infected students will enhance the students' attention, so that they easily accept the knowledge, empowerment, such as when, for example, the case of the person as a student, the student Now the spirit of it, but also because of cases in other students who are students around and feel at home. 

2) teaching interesting scenarios 

Blind students and ordinary schools, although using the same textbook, but because of visual impairment, they are using stationery, text and other aspects of learning and ordinary schools vary, so teachers should be out of the ordinary school teaching mode, seeking to really fit blind students teaching methods, teaching style, and create a vivid enjoyable teaching situation. Such as Braille textbooks in Braille itself because of restrictions, you can not print colorful illustrations, makes blind students can not read at a glance the contents of the text, the teacher can not show your style blackboard on the blackboard, which requires teachers to class vivid language, Luo Ji strong, have fun, put a concrete illustrations vividly demonstrated in front of students. Teaching blind students learn a series circuit and parallel circuit section, I will take the form of the game, so that each student to act as a circuit element, their hands as two contact elements, thus the composition of the series and parallel circuits circuit. When the switch is turned on closed circuit, the students will act as a light bulb to sing the song, accompanied by teachers at the side vivid commentary, a series circuit and parallel circuit diagram will be vividly displayed in front of students. After class, students are still pondering their act role. In such a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, the classroom atmosphere and harmonious atmosphere of teaching, students are fully aware of the learning process fun, the students' imagination and logical thinking to be fully exploited. 

3, focusing on classroom experiments, students' learning ability 

A) reform demonstration experiment, make up visual defects 

Physics demonstration experiment is not only an important means and methods of implementation of the physical classroom teacher, also stimulate students interest in learning physics, physics knowledge to deepen understanding, enhance their ability to apply knowledge plays an important role. However, blind students because of vision defects, if a teacher blindly copying experimental methods of teaching materials is difficult to achieve the purpose, to give blind students Shang Hao demonstration experiment class, must be based on the characteristics of blind students to fully mobilize the sensory organs except to visual perception experiment . 

①, with ear-generation projects 

After school blind students to learn sensitive hearing, they from footsteps, breathing severity, speed, determine the familiar people, blind students take advantage of this capability, and can effectively help students overcome the defects of vision brought difficulties, such as when studying resistance impediment to current materials is the use of the ammeter shows the number of changes to illustrate the size of the conductor resistance which factors associated with this demonstration experiment blind students can not know from the sensual, students can understand the abstract conductor resistance size and what factors, if the teacher speaks the language vivid, speaks hype, students still dazed. For blind students actually, I used a buzzer instead ammeter, through the buzzer sounds to indicate the size of the change in the resistance of the conductor and the conductor material, the length, cross-sectional area concerned. Another example is learning conductors and insulators when a section of a textbook is used at room temperature, this is connected to the circuit of glass insulators, the switch is closed, a small light bulb does not light. If you give up red woven glass heating small light bulb to illustrate the state and between conductors and insulators absolutely no boundaries, apparently this demonstration experiment is not suitable for teaching blind students, the approach I take is a small motor with a toy car instead of light bulbs, when the glass is heated up to red-hot state, a small motor will rotate up rapidly, due to the high speed of rotation will be issued toot sound, voice students are given small motor rotation is observed and there is no absolute boundaries between conductors and insulators . Such change can be regarded as an audible, students deepen the understanding of what they have learned from the classroom demonstration experiments. 

②, to touch on behalf of the Head 

If the ear on behalf of blind students in one eye, then the hand of blind students is the other eye, person with normal vision through eye view of the book, and blind students is the hand to touch the book, a book in Braille for a person with normal vision to touch the hand is very difficult to understand its content, but blind students are able to read fluently Lang content. So, take advantage of blind students touch capabilities can also help blind students learn to overcome physical difficulties arising due to defects of vision. Such as learning gasoline engine section, if the copy textbooks, students hear foggy in general, because the lever, crankshaft, cylinder, piston name, shape is unfamiliar to the students, the text can only explain the students understand some strange name, even allow students to ten times, still can not unlock the text read them confused, in order to solve this problem, I presented a model of the gasoline engine, and then demonstrate the working process while the gasoline engine, while for students to touch, so that the students will be very easy to change the name of parts, shape, work processes linked, so that they quickly mastered the characteristics and gasoline, in addition to the gasoline engine can also produce the major part of the in-kind, to enable students to touch, to further enhance perceptions. Another example is a study of electromagnetic relays, if copying the presentation materials, due to the relay looks too small, students can neither eye observation, they can not touch the structure, so the teacher needs to homemade one looks larger relays allow students to touch , matched with the teacher and field operations for its principle, explain the structure, students could easily recognize its structure and operating principle of each part. Students learn easily, teacher enjoyable. 

2) complete student experiments, increasing the perceptual 

Student experiments are students operate independently, independent search for knowledge, looking for regular transit levy. Guiding students to complete the experiment, is an important part of teaching, though blind students hands-on experiments with some difficulty, but I do experiments in guiding blind students still do not put your request. For example, when explaining Mocha electrification of knowledge, requires each student DIY silk rubbed glass rod pick up small pieces of paper experiments; while explaining DC motors, require students to do on the field in the coil through the current experiment and require students to hands-on touch rotating coil, so that they acquire knowledge in the experiment. Practice has proved that the experimental results no matter how wonderful "Description" can not be replaced, such as experiments: with balance, said the quality of solid and liquid, the students are visually impaired, they have no understanding of the balance of sensitivity by the students hands-on experiments, they both understand the structure and use of the balance, precautions, and get a feel for the quality of the unit, students can be estimated as an egg about 50 grams, about 300 grams of a Ohira fruit. Increased knowledge of life and excitement experimental results left a deep impression on the students with the experimental results will be triggered by the combined effects, so ingrained in the minds of knowledge. On the experimental results to guide students to learn touch with have learned the knowledge and practice of living together, to deepen understanding of knowledge in the process of capacity development, making experiments sublimation. As in the study of liquid pressure experiments, obtained liquid pressure increases with depth, such as the conclusion, should guide students to analyze people dive into deep water feeling, dams Xiu trapezoidal reason to link theory and practice, to avoid rote hard back conclusion that the theory and practical touch. 

In summary, in the school for the blind school physics teaching, teachers should have good personal qualities, language refined, funny, passionate, blind students should choose the teaching methods appropriate cognitive characteristics, focusing on classroom experiments, focus on creating a lively teaching scenarios for students to fully experience the learning process fun.