A proposition principles 

Level test students understanding of chemistry, compound knowledge, basic concepts and principles of chemistry, chemical calculations to understand the basic elements, master and applications, and the ability to train students to use chemical knowledge and scientific methods to analyze and solve simple problems, so that students from the chemical point of view and gradually learn to understand the relationship between nature and the environment as well as the two, learn to analyze relevant social phenomenon. 

Second, in the form of exam 

And physics papers combined into a "scientific" papers were closed book written examination. 

Third, the questions of structure 

Sub-multiple choice questions, fill in the blank and calculation problems three kinds of questions. Multiple-choice questions and uncertainties, including single choice item selection, indefinite-choice items generally have 1--2 a correct answer, answer the whole score, wrong answers may not be divided; fill in the blank forms, including chemical language writing, experimental analysis of questions such as, simply fill out the required direct answer, do not write the calculation process, etc.; calculation problems need to complete the steps, including solution design, formula writing, proportional lists, the calculation process and answers, should include the necessary text, etc. . Papers out of 90 points. 

Fourth, the examination of the content and requirements 

First, the material around 

1 air surrounding the Earth 

Exam content 

Air, oxygen, carbon dioxide. 

Examination Requirements 

① say the main component of air, recognizing the important role of air-to-human life. 

② know raised, carbon dioxide, the main character and purpose, understanding the matter sorted out many substances oxygen oxidation reaction. 

③ Preparation of a preliminary study in the laboratory method of oxygen and carbon dioxide. 

④ understand the nature of the oxygen and carbon cycles. 

Common 2 aqueous solution 

Exam content 

Water, a solution, a saturated solution of solute mass fraction. 

Examination Requirements 

① know the composition of the water, know the difference between pure water and mineral water, hard water and soft water, etc.. 

② understand adsorption, sedimentation, filtration and distillation and other commonly used methods of water purification. 

③ dissolved recognized phenomenon that water is the most important solvents, alcohol, gasoline and other solvents are also common. 

④ to understand the meaning of a saturated solution and solubility. 

⑤ can perform simple calculations solute mass fraction. 

⑥ understand crystallization. 

⑦ can say simple emulsification. 

⑧ understand the importance of a solution in the production of life. 

⑨ understand the ocean is rich in resources, recognizing the feasibility of desalination. 

Minerals, metals and metal 3 

Exam content 

Metals, non-metallic, common minerals. 

Examination Requirements 

① understand the physical characteristics of the metal, can distinguish common metal and nonmetal; understanding of the important role in the production, life and social development of metal materials. 

② know common metals react with oxygen; understand simple way to prevent metal corrosion. 

③ know some common metals (iron, aluminum, etc.) minerals; understand the reduction of iron ore will come from the method. 

④ understand the characteristics of long-alkali metal and its role, recognizing the importance of adding other elements can be modified metal properties; know the importance of alloy pig iron and steel. 

⑤ know scrap metal pollution of the environment, recognizing the importance of recycling metal. 

4 compounds common life 

Exam content 

Oxides, acids, bases, salts. 

Examination Requirements 

① know the main common acid-base properties and uses, recognizing corrosive acids and bases. 

② Institute of acid-base indicator and initial pH paper test solution pH. 

③ know the impact of pH on life activities and crop growth. 

④ know the impact of pH on life activities and crop growth. 

⑤ understand the reaction of alkali legal principle ammonia soda. 

⑥ understand salt, soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate and other salts in everyday life uses. 

⑦ know the name and role of some common fertilizers. 

⑧ lists some common organic life, the importance of organic matter to the understanding of human life. 

Second, the mystery substance of 

Diversity 1 chemical substances 

Exam content 

Changes in three states of matter, substance classification. 

Examination Requirements 

① recognize changes in the tri-state material and its transformation. 

② recognition from the composition of the oxide, the distinction between pure substances and mixtures, elemental and compounds, organic and inorganic. 

③ recognize the diversity of substances. 

2 particulate matter constitutes 

Exam content 

Molecules, atoms, ions. 

Examination Requirements 

① understanding particulate matter, knowing atoms, molecules, ions are composed of particulate matter. 

② can fine views to explain certain common phenomenon. 

③ know that atoms are formed by the nucleus and extranuclear. 

④ know atoms can combine into molecules, atoms and ions of the same element can be transformed into each other, a preliminary understanding of the role of extranuclear in chemical reactions. 

Recognizes chemical elements 

Exam content 

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and the like. 

Examination Requirements 

① understanding of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and other common elements of intimate relationship with humans. 

② remember some common element names and symbols. 

③ know simple classification elements. 

④ able to find the specified element in the periodic table according to atomic number. 

4 shows the composition of the material 

Exam content 

Valence, chemical formula, relative molecular mass. 

Examination Requirements 

① say valence several common elements. 

The chemical composition can be represented by the formula ② some common substance. 

③ the use of relative atomic mass, relative molecular mass of substances composed of simple calculations. 

④ can understand the material composition and content labels on some merchandise marked. 

Third, the chemical changes substance 

1 basic characteristics of chemical change 

Exam content 

Substance of chemical change, catalyst. 

Examination Requirements 

① understand the basic characteristics of chemical change, understanding the nature of the contact phenomena and reactions. 

② know when accompanied by a change in energy substances undergo chemical changes, recognizing the importance of access to energy through a chemical reaction. 

③ understanding of the important role of a catalyst. 

④ initial formation of "material changes" concept. 

2. conservation of mass 

Exam content 

Conservation of mass. 

Examination Requirements 

① recognize conservation of mass, can explain the quality of the relationship between common chemical reactions. 

② correctly write simple chemical equation, and perform simple calculations. 

③ major role in understanding the quantitative study of chemistry development. 

Recognizes several chemical reactions 

Exam content 

Recombination reactions, decomposition reactions, substitution reactions and metathesis reactions. 

Examination Requirements 

① initial understanding of the common combination reaction decomposition reaction, metathesis reaction and the metathesis reaction, and can explain some of the phenomena associated with everyday life. 

② activity sheet metal can be used for simple replacement reaction related to judgment, and to reveal some of the phenomena of everyday life. 

③ understand how people use a chemical reaction to improve and enhance their quality of life. 

Fourth, chemical and Social Development 

1 Chemistry and use of energy and resources 

Exam content 

Fuel burning, slow oxidation, fossil fuel, water and other practical significance. 

Examination Requirements 

① importance of fuels and understand the use of hydrogen, natural gas (or methane), the impact of liquefied petroleum gas, alcohol, gasoline and coal and other fuels on the environment, how to choose less polluting fuels on the environment, understanding of renewable and non-renewable resources resources. 

② understanding of combustion conditions and slow oxidation and explosion fire extinguishing measures to prevent explosions. 

③ understand the significance of the water of life activities, recognizing that water is a valuable natural resources, protection of water resources and the formation of water conservation awareness. 

④ know that fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) is an important natural resource for human society to understand the ocean is rich in resources. 

⑤ know that oil is a mixture of organic compounds consisting of different boiling points, to understand all the product of petroleum processing liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, kerosene and so on. 

⑥ understand China's energy shortage of resources in conditions, recognizing the major significance of comprehensive utilization of resources and new energy development. 

2 common chemical synthetic materials 

Exam content 

Fibers, plastics, synthetic rubber and its applications. 

Examination Requirements 

① recognize common synthetic fibers, plastics, synthetic rubber and its applications. 

② understand the impact of the use of synthetic materials for any environment. 

③ recognize the close relationship between development and social development of new materials. 

3 chemicals and health 

Exam content 

Major elements needed by the body, trace elements. 

Examination Requirements 

① understand certain elements (such as calcium, iron, zinc, etc.) a major role on human health. 

② understand the biological significance of organic activities (such as sugar, starch, oils and fats, amino acids, proteins, vitamins, etc.). 

③ know that certain substances (such as carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, aflatoxin, etc.) detrimental to human health, understanding chemical knowledge can help people grasp below the harmful substances. 

④ initial understanding of the development of chemical science major contribution in helping to overcome the disease and human nutrition and health care. 

4. protect our environment 

① recognize the necessity of "three wastes" (waste water, waste gas and waste residue) processing, and general principles of treatment. 

② understand the typical atmosphere, water, soil contamination sources and hazards. 

③ The main significance of understanding the rational use of fertilizers, pesticides to protect the environment. 

④ the initial formation of the correct and rational use of chemical substances in consciousness, awareness of the major role of chemistry in environmental monitoring and environmental protection. 

Sample questions: 

Relative atomic weight: H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 S-32 

First, the multiple-choice questions (the big issue of 15 small problems, each of two points, a total of 30 points) Note: Only one option meets Mei Xiaoti meaning of the questions. 

1, the following changes in a chemical change is 

A, air liquefaction B, m lead vinegar C, ore crushing D, the alcohol evaporates 

2, protein is one of the important nutrients essential. The following foods are rich in protein

A, tofu, B, bread C, tomatoes D, soybean oil 

3, the following substances discharged into the air, does not cause air pollution is 

A, automobile exhaust emissions B, the gas produced by burning garbage 

C, chemical exhausts D, lever breathing exhaust gas composition 

4, the following substances into the water, the solution is able to form 

A, limestone B, gasoline C, soda D, flour 

5, the following items are not of flammable, explosive material is 

A, gasoline B, alcohol C, sucrose, D, firecrackers 

6, the following common materials belonging organic synthetic materials are 

A, glass B, cotton C, stainless steel D, plastic 

7, to sustainable economic development, we must protect water resources, the following practices, the error is 

A, any sewage discharge B, industrial wastewater is treated before discharge 

C, rational use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture 

D, application of new technologies, new processes to reduce the generation of pollutants 

8, the following information about the use of substances, the use of its physical properties are 

A, oxygen for steelmaking B, copper wire for guidance 

C, used as a light bulb filled with nitrogen gas D, magnesium flares for the system 

9, the following experimental operation was correctly 

A, B dilution of concentrated sulfuric acid in a graduated cylinder, with leftover medicine bottle back into the original parties 

C, with a lighted kerosene lamp ignited another alcohol lamp 

D, before extracting gas tightness check device 

10, the following table lists the four most suitable for crop growth pH range: 

Corn and soybean crops, cotton tea 

pH6.0 --- 6.86.0-7.06.5 --- 7.55.0-5.5 

Determination that a student, pH close to 7 local soil. More crops are grown in the most inappropriate 

A, Cotton B, corn C, soybeans D, tea 

11, the following statements is correct is 

A, available caustic acid soil improvement 

B, in order to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning, you can put a pot of water on the stove 

C, use aluminum containers of pesticides Bordeaux mixture preparation 

D, before entering Kumi open vegetable cellar, the lights do experiments 

12, the growth of crops need nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients. The following fertilizers, compound fertilizers belonging is 

A, potassium nitrate (KNO3) B, urea [CO (NH2) 2] 

C, calcium dihydrogen phosphate [Ca (H2PO4) 2] D, potassium sulfate (K2SO4) 

13, the core of "green chemistry" in the chemical reaction process or chemical production to minimize or eliminate the use of hazardous substances. The following practices, in line with green chemistry is 

A, production and use of highly toxic pesticides B, bleached pulp mills with sulfur dioxide 

C, the use of hydrogen peroxide, oxygen system D, gas plants to produce high-altitude emissions 

14, the existing of the following reagents: (1) lime (2) vinegar (3) brine (4) sodium carbonate solution (5), caustic soda solution, in which the main component of the shell of the test to be used is a carbonate 

A, (2) (5) B, (1) (2) C, (2) (4) D, (1) (3) 

15, want to keep drink cool summer drinks, can homemade chemistry "refrigerator", that is a chemical reagent into a certain amount of water, it can form a low temperature small environment. Such agents can be of the following substances 

A, salt B, ammonium nitrate C, sucrose, D, slaked lime 

Second, fill in the blank (empty every two minutes, a total of 22 points) 

16, in the body tissue, glucose (chemical formula: C6H12O6) under the action of the enzyme at a slow oxidation to carbon dioxide and water, while the release of energy for the body's activities and to maintain a constant body temperature needs. Glucose contains () elements. CPC per glucose molecule contains () atoms. 

17, in the dilute sulfuric acid, the solute is (), the solvent is (). 

18, from C, H, O, Na four elements, select the appropriate elements of the composition of the compounds meet the following requirements (each write a chemical formula) 

Substance Category oxide acid salt 

Chemical Formula 

19, research confirmed that the substance is constituted by particles such as iron from iron atoms. Please fill in the following form name specific particulate material. 

(1) is a mercury thermometer () Powder (2) for the artificial rain is constituted by () composition. Sodium chloride crystals (3) is composed of physiological saline for the preparation of () composition. 

Third, answer the following questions (the title a total of seven small problem, a total of 25 points) 

20 (6 points) Write the chemical equation of the following reactions, and indicate the basic reaction types. 

(1) nitrogen and hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure, ammonia gas catalyst (chemical formula: NH3) 

(2) soda lime from the reaction solution with a small amount of sodium hydroxide. 

21, (2 points) placed in the air to aluminum products and gold products are difficult to corrosion. Please explain why you are. 

22, (7 points) in special equipment in coal at high temperatures can generate gas. The gas contains carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane (chemical formula CH4) and other flammable gases 

(1) Write respectively carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane in air for complete combustion chemical equation. 

(2) as a fuel, gas and coal compared to what the advantages (to write one o'clock)? 

23, (2 points) idiom "Midas touch", intended as an ancient alchemist's magic that makes the stones into gold, is a metaphor can be miraculous, it was said he could limestone into gold, would you please knowledge can not be explained by chemical limestone into gold truth. 

24, (4) the fact that we already know: 

(1) salt is soluble in water, insoluble in vegetable oil; 

(2) Water-soluble potassium nitrate, calcium carbonate is insoluble in water 

(3) Quality of sucrose dissolved in hot water than in cold water quality, such as quality dissolved. Please answer the following questions: 

(1) The above facts show that the solubility of the solid material with (), (), () the three factors. 

(2) Please include the above three factors, an application example (different requirements and facts listed above.) 

25, (4) linkages between both substances, and the existence of the law, which is a basic method we learn chemistry should master. You modeled it in the table below shows. Identify O2, CH4, CO2, NH3 C2H4 (ethylene) the other two laws exist between five gases, side by side in the order listed, the answer to fill in the blanks in the following table. 

Law of the order 

Example: Under standard conditions, the density of small to large CH4, NH3, C2H4, O2, CO2 

Fourth, calculate the title (the title a total of two small problem, a total of 13 points) 

26, (3 points) fruits contain citric acid, can promote digestion. Citric acid has the formula C6H8O7. 

(A) the relative molecular mass of citric acid for (); 

(2) citric acid in a mass of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of three elements (the most simple integer ratio Kasei) (). 

Mass fraction (3) of the carbon element is citric acid (). 

27, (10 points) in order to determine the content of a sample of milk protein, is the use of "Gerda Law" which break down proteins. The principle is that the proteins in the complete conversion of nitrogen to ammonia (chemical formula: NH3), then dilute sulfuric acid to absorb ammonia, a chemical reaction equation is: 

2NH3 + H2SO4 == (NH4) 2SO4 

The milk samples taken 30mL now use "Gerda Law" which break down proteins, ammonia produced by 9.5g solute mass fraction of 4.9% of sulfuric acid just completely absorbed. Calculate and answer the following questions: 

(A) the quality of the ammonia produced is how many grams? (Calculated results accurate to 0.01g, the same below) 

(2) 30mL quality milk nitrogen element is how many grams?